Interethnic marriages in Khakassia: the problem of mixed origin
The phenomenon of intensive migration has resulted in significant shifts in the national composition of individual countries and regions across the contemporary global landscape. The issue of mixed origins has become increasingly prevalent due to the rise in interethnic marriages and the growing number of individuals born to parents from different nationalities. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the positive aspects of this process and to identify the negative consequences of ethnic mixing or mestizaje. The study was conducted with reference to the example of Khakassia. The empirical basis for this study was a survey of experts (n=10) and people of mixed origin (n=50). Attitudes towards interethnic marriages vary considerably among the region's diverse ethnic groups. The attitude of rural Russians towards mixed marriages is, in general, one of neutrality. However, there are instances where disapproval is expressed. The Khakass people tend to view mixed marriages in a favourable or neutral light. The formation of the ethnic identity of mestizos is primarily influenced by a number of factors, including the national composition of their place of residence, their immediate surroundings, the characteristics of their phenotype, their level of language proficiency, and other factors. The formation of interethnic marriages has a positive effect on the renewal of the gene pool of the titular ethnic group. The latter is conducive to interethnic harmony and the mitigation of contradictions. Mestizos can act as cultural intermediaries between different cultures. Nevertheless, the acceleration of the process of mestization serves to highlight the challenge of preserving the titular ethnic group of the republic, including its language, culture and traditions. The author concludes that the processes of mestizaje in the region are inevitable and irreversible.
Lushnikova, O. L. (2024), “Interethnic marriages in Khakassia: the problem of mixed origin”, Research Result. Sociology and Management, 10 (4), 130-143. DOI: 10.18413/2408-9338-2024-10-4-0-7
While nobody left any comments to this publication.
You can be first.
Arutyunyan, Yu. V., Drobizheva, L. M. and Susokolov, A. A. (1998), Jetnosociologija [Ethnosociology], ASPEKT-PRESS, Moscow, Russia, 270. (In Russian)
Bromley, Yu. V. (1987), Jetnosocial'nye processy: teorija, istorija, sovremennost' [Ethnosocial processes: theory, history, modernity], Nauka, Moscow, Russia, 333. (In Russian)
Galindabaeva, V. V. and Karbainov, N. I. (2020), “Karyms and mestizos of Buryatia: marginal man and/ or cultural broker”, The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, 23(4), 204-232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2020.23.4.8 (In Russian)
Galkina, E. M. (1989), “ Ethnic identity of people from nationally mixed families (ethnosociological and ethnopsychological aspects)”, Jetnografija, antropologija i smezhnye discipliny: sootnoshenie predmeta i metodov [Ethnography, anthropology and related disciplines: the relationship of the subject and methods], collection of articles, in Koroteeva, V. V. (ed.), Akademija nauk SSSR, Moscow, USSR, 11-19. (In Russian)
Darovskikh, O. V. (2016), “Interethnic marriages in the Altai Republic: typology”, Altaj – Rossija: cherez veka v budushhee. Materialy Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, posvjashhennoj 260-letiju dobrovol'no vhozhdenija altajskogo naroda v sostav Rossijskogo gosudarstva i 25-letiju obrazovanija Respubliki Altaj [Altai – Russia: Through the centuries into the future. Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical conference with international participation dedicated to the 260th anniversary of the voluntary entry of the Altai people into the Russian state and the 25th anniversary of the formation of the Altai Republic], in 2 volumes, 1, Gorno-Altai State University, Gorno-Altaysk, Russia, 35-40. (In Russian)
Darovskikh, O. V. (2015), “Tribal Affiliation as an Attribute of Ethnic Identity of Metis”, Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia, (2), 156-160. (In Russian)
Drobizheva, L. M. and Arutiunian, Yu. V. (1987), Mnogoobrazie kul'turnoj zhizni narodov SSSR [The diversity of the cultural life of the peoples of the USSR], Mysl, Moscow, Russia, 303 p. (In Russian)
Krivonogov, V. P. (2020), “To the question of the ethnic identity of the Soyots of Buryatia”, Nauchnoe obozrenie Sajano-Altaja, (4), 43-50. (In Russian)
Krivonogov, V. P. (2023), Nacional'no-smeshannye braki i metisacija u korennyh malochislennyh narodov [Nationally mixed marriages and mestization among indigenous minorities], Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 308. (In Russian)
Krylova, N. L., Prozhogina, S. V. (2004), Metisy: kto oni? Problemy socializacii i samoidentifikacii [Mestizos: who are they? Problems of socialization and self-identification], Rossiyskaya akademiya nauk, Moscow, Russia, 273. (In Russian)
Kuzmenko, T. V. (2017), “Expert survey as the basis for management decision-making”, Sociologicheskij al'manah, (8), 434-443. (In Russian)
Lourié, S. V. (2020), “’Multibloods’: a feature of the formation ethnic identity ‘Tyagubya’ – descendants from inter-ethnic marriages of Russian Koreans”, St.Petersburg Sociology Today, (13-14), 61-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2021-13.3.2-281-297. (In Russian)
Lourié, S. V. (2021), “What is a nation for the younger generation of Russians? (Ethnic self-identification of descendants from mixed marriages in the context of the ideological paradigms of this century)”, IDEAS AND IDEALS , 13 (3-2), 281-297. (In Russian)
Maltseva, D. A. (2015), “The main factors of the development of effective strategic models in politics”, Vlast’, (2), 82-87. (In Russian)
Mendesheva, N. G. (2020), “Nationally mixed marriages in the Altai Republic as a form of interethnic interaction at the present stage”, Dialog kul'tur i tolerantnost' obshhenija [Dialogue of cultures and tolerance of communication], Collection of articles based on the materials of the V Interregional Scientific and practical Conference, Gorno-Altai State University, Gorno-Altaysk, Russia, 52-56. (In Russian)
Namrueva, L. V. (2013), “The attitude toward interethnic marriages in the present-day Kalmykia”, Ethnographic Review, (2), 168-176. (In Russian)
Nizamova, L. R. (2011), “Mixed ethnic identities in a multicultural society”, Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Serija: gumanitarnye nauki, 153 (5), 166-176. (In Russian)
Nosenko, E. E. (2004), Byt' ili chuvstvovat'? (Osnovnye aspekty formirovanija evrejskoj identichnosti u potomkov smeshannyh brakov v sovremennoj Rossii) [To be or to feel? (The main aspects of the formation of Jewish identity among the descendants of mixed marriages in modern Russia)], IV RAN-Kraft+, Moscow, Russia, 400. (In Russian)
Ozerova, K. A. (2015), “Inter-ethnic marriages in the Republic of Tatarstan: protecting ethnic boundaries”, Kazanskij social'no-gumanitarnyj vestnik, (2), 34-41. (In Russian)
Pyatnitskaya, N. A. (2023), “Children of interethnic marriages: the problem of ethnic identity”, Nauka XXI veka: aktual'nye napravlenija razvitija, (3-1), 230-233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46554/ScienceXXI-2023.02-1.1-pp.230. (In Russian)
Rostovskaja, T. K., Kuchmaeva, O. V. (2023), “Cross-cultural marriages as a reserve for Russia's demographic development”, Science. Culture. Society, 29 (1), 159-172.
Rubtzov, V. A., Rozhko, M. V. and Biktimirov, N. M. (2020), “Interethnic marriages and their influence on ethno-demographic processes (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan)”, Geopolitics and Ecogeodynamics of regions, 6 (3), 51-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37279/2309-7663-2020-6-3-51-57. (In Russian)
Sovremennye jetnicheskie processy v SSSR [Modern ethnic processes in the USSR] (1975), in Bromley, Ju. V. (ed.), Nauka, Moscow, USSR, 543. (In Russian)
Susokolov, A. A. (1987), Mezhnacional'nye braki v SSSR [Interethnic marriages in the USSR], Mysl, Moscow, Russia, 144. (In Russian)
Tinikova, E. E. (2023), “Indigenous population of Khakassia: miscegenation as an assimilation factor”, Oriental Studies, 16 (6), 1562-1571. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-70-6-1562-1571
Trifonova, T. L. (2014), Sovremennye mezhnacional'nye sem'i: cennostnye orientacii [Modern interethnic families: value orientations], Buryat State University, Ulan-Udje, Russia, 128. (In Russian)
Ualieva, S. and Edgar, E. (2011), “Interethnic marriages, mixed parentage and ‘friendship of peoples’ in Soviet and post-Soviet Kazakhstan”, Neprikosnovennyj zapas. Debaty o politike i kul'ture, (6), [Online], available at: http://magazines.russ.ru/nz/2011/6/u18.html (Accessed 5 September 2023). (In Russian)
Hachatryan, L. A. and Chadova, A. A. (2016), “Multiethnic family in modern Russian society”, Perm university herald. Series philosophy. Psychology. Sociology, 1 (25), 127-135. (In Russian)
Jetnokul'turnye processy v nacional'no-smeshannoj srede [Ethnocultural processes in a nationally mixed environment], in Gurvich, I. S. (ed.), Ordena druzhby narodov Institut etnografii im. N. N. Mikluho-Maklaya AN SSSR, Moscow, USSR, 219. (In Russian)
Alcoff, L. M. (2006), Visible identities: Race, gender, and the self, Oxford University Press, New York, USA, 326.
Banting, K. and Kymlicka, W (eds.) (2006), Multiculturalism and the Welfare State: Recognition and Redistribution in Contemporary Democracies, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 405.
Goldberg, D. T. (2015), Are We All Postracial Yet?, Polity Press, Cambridge, UK, 199.
Hall, S. and Schwarz, B. (2017), Familiar Stranger: A Life Between Two Islands, Duke University Press, Durham, USA, 320.
Jenkins, R. (2008), Rethinking Ethnicity. Arguments and Explorations. Sage Publication, Los Angeles, USA, 207.
Lentin, A. and Titley, G. (2011), The Crises of Multiculturalism: Racism in a neoliberal age, Zed Books, London, UK, 296.
Mahtani, M. (2014), Mixed race amnesia: Resisting the Romanticization of Multiraciality, University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, BC, 288.
Modood, T. (2013), Multiculturalism: A Civic Idea, Polity, Cambridge, UK, 193.
Park, R. E. (1928), “Human Migration and the Marginal Man”, American Journal of Sociology, 33 (6), 881-893.
Song, M. (2003), Choosing Ethnic Identity, Polity Press, Cambridge, UK, 192.
Wilson, A. (1987), Mixed Race Children: A Study of Identity, Unwin Hyman Ltd., London, UK, 230.
Wise, T. (2010), Color-Blind: The Rise of Post-Racial Politics and the Retreat from Racial Equality, City Lights Press, San Fracisco, USA, 213.
Wolf, E. R. (1956), “Aspects of group relationship in a complex society: Mexico”, American Anthropologist. New Series, 58 (6), 1065-1078.
Study was supported by Russian Science Foundation “Miscegenation or the population as one of the key trends of the ethnoevolutionary processes in Khakassia”, № 23-28-10040.