Countering terrorism as adaptation to risks of the present: social essence and subjects of the process
The starting point of the article is the idea of the terrorist threat as one of the social risks of modernity, modifying a familiar environment and requiring adaptation. Proposed approach to counter-terrorism as a process of institutional and civil adaptation to the risky environment. The article presents the analysis of trends and dynamics of the process of adaptation to the risk of terrorism in Russia of the main subjects of counteraction: social institutions and civil society in 2005-2018. The substantial development of the Russian anti-terrorist legislation, the positive dynamics of the quality of the existing counteraction mechanism contribute to an active adaptation strategy and a high level of adaptation of institutional subjects to the risk of terrorism. At the same time, the reactive character of the Russian anti-terrorist legislation leads to insufficient implementation of the principles of priority measures to prevent terrorism and cooperation between the state and citizens in countering it. The low level of self-assessment of protection from terrorist attacks, the unwillingness of the population to participate in countering terrorism, distrust of institutional actors and the desire to shift all responsibility for the process of counteraction to them cause a passive adaptation strategy and a low level of adaptation of the Russian population to the risk of terrorism. The adaptive asymmetry in the speed and success of adaptation of institutional actors and the population hinders the process of countering terrorism as a whole. Scientific and practical measures aimed at restoring the balance of adaptation strategies and resource potentials of counter-terrorism subjects are proposed.
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