Религия, политика и вызовы современной европейской идентичности
Вопрос о современной европейской религиозной идентичности выходит за свои духовные и конфессиональные границы и прочно укореняется в политической сфере. Именно поэтому эта тема представляет большой интерес для научной дисциплины политологии религии. В европейском светском нарративе широко признается, что религия утратила свою связующую роль и силу, но, столкнувшись с новыми искушениями, она может частично вернуть свою жизнеспособность и важность. Такие знаковые явления очевидны и легко обнаруживаются даже в некоторых государствах – членах Европейского Союза, например, в тех, которые принадлежат к Вышеградской группе, но также и в более широком европейском масштабе. На наш взгляд, именно вопрос идентичности оказывается в мейнстриме политических, геополитических и даже экономических и относящихся к вопросу безопасности соблазнов Европы и шире, самой западной цивилизации. Таким образом, вопрос религиозной идентичности привлек внимание многих политических, религиозных и других мыслителей, которые осознают остроту этой проблемы. Все это красноречиво отражается не только в самопонимании современной Европы, но и в ее отношении к проблеме роста исламского элемента на ее собственной территории, в ее взаимоотношениях с исламским миром (Бодрильяр, 2002: 162), а также с Китаем, США и особенно с Россией. В этом смысле парадигмальным для таких отношений, понимания и непонимания Евросоюзом вкупе с другими геополитическими факторами на глобальном уровне может служить тот факт, что 4 июля 2020 года в России вступили в силу конституционные изменения, которые однозначно определяют её статус великой державы как государства, основанного на христианских основах. (Билбижа, 2020). Хотя это, конечно, не дисквалифицирует эту мировую державу как общество, основанное на отделении церкви от государства, и никоим образом не нарушает принцип равенства всех традиционных религиозных общин на ее территории, мы можем видеть, что эта концепция по сути чужда и идеологически неприемлема для сегодняшнего Европейского Союза и большей части Западного мира. А именно, как мы видим, современная Европа (или, точнее, Европейский Союз) построила свою идеологическую матрицу не на основе своего собственного христианского наследия, а на основах агностического секуляризма и либерализма, начатых Французской революцией, что помещает нашу тему в область политологии религии.
Йованович Х. Н. M. Религия, политика и вызовы современной европейской идентичности // Научный результат. Социология и управление. 2020. Т. 6, № 3. С. 136-152. DOI: 10.18413/2408-9338-2020-6-3-0-9.
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