<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.2/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2408-9338</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Научный результат. Социология и управление</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9338</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18413/2408-9338-2021-7-1-0-10</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2349</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>СОЦИОЛОГИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>&lt;strong&gt;Проблема беженцев &amp;ndash; государственная политика и общественное мнение в Болгарии&lt;/strong&gt;</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>&lt;strong&gt;The Refugee Challenge: State Policy and Social Attitudes in Bulgaria&lt;/strong&gt;</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Накова</surname><given-names>Албена</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nakova</surname><given-names>Albena</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>albena_nakova.manolova@abv.bg</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1" /></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>Болгарская академия наук, Институт философии и социологии,1000, Болгария, София, ул. Московска 13А</institution></aff><pub-date pub-type="epub"><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>0</fpage><lpage>0</lpage><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="/media/sociology/2021/1/128-139.pdf" /><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья анализирует одну из самых тяжелых проблем современности &amp;ndash; миграцию&amp;nbsp;больших масс людей, спасающихся от войны, политических преследований и терроризма, иными словами &amp;ndash; беженцы, которые в последнее десятилетие оказались серьезным вызовом для европейских стран и их правительств. В частности, анализу подвергается текущая национальная политика Болгарии в области предоставления убежища и беженцев - этапы развития, через которые она проходит от демократических изменений в Болгарии в начале 90-х годов 20 века, через присоединение страны к ЕС в 2007 году и необходимость гармонизации национального законодательства с европейским и последующее увеличение притока беженцев на болгарских границах после 2011 года в результате войны в Сирии и почти 10 лет спустя, когда беженцев в Болгарии уже не много, но тем не менее растет негативное отношение к ним местного населения. Вопросы приема и интеграции беженцев в болгарское общество рассматриваются как результат пересечения целенаправленной государственной политики с общественными установками, которые предопределяют возможность успешной реализации государственной политики и влияют на характер и особенности интеграции беженцев в болгарское общество. Анализ основан на результатах национального репрезентативного опроса населения Болгарии, проведенного в 2020 году Институтом философии и социологии при Болгарской академии наук в рамках проекта &amp;laquo;Беженцы в представлениях болгарских граждан &amp;ndash; страхи, понимание, сочувствие&amp;raquo;, который был реализован при финансовой поддержке Национального научного фонда при Министерстве образования и науки Республики Болгарии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines one of the greatest challenges of our times: the migration of large masses of people fleeing wars, political persecution and terrorism; these refugees have become one of the most serious challenges to European countries and governments in the last decade. Specifically, the article analyzes the contemporary national policy of Bulgaria with regard to asylum and refugees, its stages of development since the start of democratic changes in Bulgaria in the early 1990s, through the country&amp;rsquo;s accession to the EU in 2007, that required the alignment of the national laws with European legislation, and on to the growing influx of refugees along the Bulgarian borders after 2011 (as a result of the war in Syria) and then, almost ten years later, when negative attitudes towards refugees have grown, even though refugees in Bulgaria are not at all numerous. The questions as to the acceptance and integration of refugees into Bulgarian society are examined as an area of intersection between purposeful state policies and social attitudes determining the possibility for a successful implementation of those policies and impacting on the nature and specific features of the refugees&amp;rsquo; integration into Bulgarian society. The analysis is based on the results of a national representative survey of the Bulgarian population, conducted in 2020 by a team of scholars from the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology at BAS, under the project &amp;ldquo;Refugees in the Representations of Bulgarians: Fears, Understanding, Empathy&amp;rdquo;, funded by the National Research Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беженцы</kwd><kwd>национальная политика в отношении убежища и беженцев</kwd><kwd>прием беженцев</kwd><kwd>интеграция беженцев</kwd><kwd>отношение к беженцам</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>refugees</kwd><kwd>national policy on asylum and refugees</kwd><kwd>acceptance of refugees</kwd><kwd>integration of refugees</kwd><kwd>attitudes towards refugees</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>Список литературы</title><ref id="B1"><mixed-citation>Bauman, Z. (2016), &amp;ldquo;Strangers at Our Door&amp;rdquo;, Mezinarodni Vztahy, 53 (4), 55-57.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><mixed-citation>Costello, C. (2016), The Human Rights of Migrants and Refugees in European Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><mixed-citation>Huysmans, J. (2006), The Politics of Insecurity. Fear, Migration and Asylum in the EU, Routledge, UK.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><mixed-citation>Ilareva, V. (2007), &amp;ldquo;Bulgaria&amp;rsquo;s Treatment of Asylum Seekers&amp;rdquo;, Forced Migration Review, 29, 60-61.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><mixed-citation>Jileva, E. and Guiraudon, V. (2006), &amp;ldquo;Immigration and Asylum, Developments in European Politics&amp;rdquo;, in Heywood, P. et al. (eds.), Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK, 280-298.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><mixed-citation>Krasteva, A. (2010), &amp;ldquo;Being a Foreign Woman in Bulgaria&amp;rdquo;, in Krasteva, A., Kasabova, A. and Karabinova, D. (eds.), Migrations from and to Southeastern Europe, Longo Editore, Ravenna, Italy, 63-78.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><mixed-citation>Immigrants and refugees in Bulgaria and their integration (2003), Manfred Woerner Foundation, Sofia, Bulgaria.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><mixed-citation>Nakova, A. (2017), &amp;ldquo;Refugees &amp;ndash; a challenge for Bulgaria&amp;rdquo;, in Kambovski, V. and Jeleva, R. (eds.), Party Systems, Political Order and Constitutionals Reforms in Bulgaria and Macedonia: Experiences and Perspectives, Scopje-Sofia, Bulgaria, 127-142.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><mixed-citation>Nakova, A. (2020), &amp;ldquo;The role of the media in shaping public opinion about refugees in Bulgaria&amp;rdquo;, The modern world and the information society, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan, 51-62, (in Russian)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><mixed-citation>Nakova, A. (2018), &amp;ldquo;The Attitude towards Refugees in Bulgaria: from Compassion to Fear&amp;rdquo;, Mehmet Fatih ELMAS, Metin BECERMEN, &amp;Uuml;mit &amp;Ouml;ZT&amp;Uuml;RK (Eds), War and Peace. Proceedings Book. Fifth International Philosophy Congress, Sentez Yayincilik, İstanbul, Turkey, 42-49.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><mixed-citation>Nakova, A. and Erolova, Y. (2019), &amp;ldquo;Integration by &amp;lsquo;Fencing&amp;rsquo;: The Case of Refugees in Bulgaria&amp;rdquo;, in Slavkova, M., Maeva, M., Erolova, Y. and Popov, R. (eds.), Between the Worlds: People, Spaces and Rituals, IEFSEM &amp;ndash; BAS &amp;amp; Paradigma, Sofia, Bulgaria, 425-453.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><mixed-citation>Okolski, M. et al. (eds.) (2010), Immigration to Poland, Scholar, Warsaw, Poland.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><mixed-citation>Pamporov, A. (2010), &amp;ldquo;Social Distances Towards the New Immigrants in Bulgaria&amp;rdquo;, in Krasteva, A., Kasabova, A. and Karabinova, D. (eds.), Migrations from and to Southeastern Europe, Longo Editore, Ravenna, Italy, 79-92.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>