This article aims to provide a theoretical justification for the concept of a social subject's 'religious-ideological strategy', which is regarded as a key way of demonstrating the relevance of religion in modern societies. Ideological strategy is interpreted through the theoretical and sociological concepts of modern reflexivity (E. Giddens) and the phenomenological sociology of knowledge (A. Schütz, P. Berger, and T. Luckmann). In relation to the religious reference of ideological strategies, the theory of the secularization of modern consciousness (C. Taylor) and the typological provisions of the theories of the sociodynamics of culture by P.A. Sorokin and G. Becker are applied, explaining the fundamental differences between secular and religious cultural mentality. A threefold (substantive, formal, and functional) definition of religious-ideological strategy is provided. This article substantiates a typology of contemporary religious and ideological strategies, proposing six taxa: confessional, eclectic, atheistic, agnostic, “spiritual”, and paradoxical. Initial hypotheses are formulated regarding the nature of the relationship between various types of religious and ideological strategies and the vitality of religion.