This article is dedicated to the study of factors influencing individuals' subjective well-being in post-industrial society, characterized by high levels of stress across various aspects of life. The exacerbation of mental health issues, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighted the need to develop effective methods for monitoring emotional and mental well-being to prevent negative outcomes. The empirical basis of the research is data from the Health Status Survey, conducted by Rosstat in 2023. An adapted version of the WHO-5 subjective well-being scale was used in the survey. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis, which helped identify key factors affecting respondents' mental well-being: age, gender, employment, education, children, disability, and place of residence. It was found that women and older individuals are at a higher risk of mental health deterioration, including depression. At the same time, stable employment, higher education, living in rural areas, and the absence of disability positively affect respondents' mental well-being. A distinctive feature of this work is that the study of subjective well-being among men and women is conducted not only at the individual level but also at the family level. Gender differences in the determinants of well-being were identified: the employment and education of the husband have a significant impact on the mental well-being of the wife, while similar characteristics of the wife do not notably affect the husband's well-being. Moreover, a registered marriage has a positive impact on the subjective well-being of wives. The authors emphasize the importance of a systematic approach in developing psychological support measures for families and call for particular attention to be paid to socially vulnerable groups to prevent the risk of depression and minimize its consequences.