2408-9338Research result. Sociology and Management2408-933810.18413/2408-9338-2024-10-1-0-93382SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SOCIAL INSTITUTES AND PROCESSES<strong>Network </strong><strong>a</strong><strong>pproach in </strong><strong>g</strong><strong>odparenthood </strong><strong>s</strong><strong>tudies: </strong><strong>opportunities and&nbsp;l</strong><strong>imitation</strong><strong>Network </strong><strong>a</strong><strong>pproach in </strong><strong>g</strong><strong>odparenthood </strong><strong>s</strong><strong>tudies: </strong><strong>opportunities and&nbsp;l</strong><strong>imitation</strong>Pavlyutkin,Ivan V.Pavlyutkin,Ivan V.euhominid@gmail.comZuevaAnna ВладимировнаZuevaAnnaavzueva@socrel.ruSt. Tikhon’s Orthodox UniversitySt. Tikhon’s Orthodox University, bld. 1, 6 Likhov Ln., Moscow, 127051, Russia202410100

This article is aimed at the review of socio-historical and anthropological studies of godparenthood or spiritual kinship, carried out using the methodology of network analysis. It describes the possibilities of this approach for analyzing the social structure of communities, as well as the limitations associated with the specifics of obtaining and analyzing data. The network analysis reflects the paradoxical phenomenon of godparenting, with the help of which researchers problematize the institutional concepts of dyadic and structural relations, strong and weak ties, closing (bonding) and open (bridging) social capital, well-established in the social sciences. According to the presented research results, we can talk about the numerous network effects of this institution: strengthening the solidarity of the local community, differentiation and reproduction of social statuses, linking different social classes and trading regions. Since such studies have not been conducted on Russian data, the ideas presented in it can contribute to the formulation of research hypotheses for testing on data from Orthodox parishes and communities.

This article is aimed at the review of socio-historical and anthropological studies of godparenthood or spiritual kinship, carried out using the methodology of network analysis. It describes the possibilities of this approach for analyzing the social structure of communities, as well as the limitations associated with the specifics of obtaining and analyzing data. The network analysis reflects the paradoxical phenomenon of godparenting, with the help of which researchers problematize the institutional concepts of dyadic and structural relations, strong and weak ties, closing (bonding) and open (bridging) social capital, well-established in the social sciences. According to the presented research results, we can talk about the numerous network effects of this institution: strengthening the solidarity of the local community, differentiation and reproduction of social statuses, linking different social classes and trading regions. Since such studies have not been conducted on Russian data, the ideas presented in it can contribute to the formulation of research hypotheses for testing on data from Orthodox parishes and communities.

Godparentingfictive kinshipnetwork analysisChristianityGodparentingfictive kinshipnetwork analysisChristianity

The proyect was supported by Saint Tikhon&rsquo;s Orthodox University and the Active Tradition Foundation in 2021-2023.

Список литературыVrublevskaya, P., Zabaev, I., Oreshina, D., and Pavlyutkina, E.&nbsp;(2018), &laquo;Partnerskiy prihod&raquo;: Sotrudnichestvo svyashchennikov i miryan v razvitii sotsialnoy deyatelnosti v prikhodah RPC v nachale ХХI veka [Partnership parish&rdquo;: cooperation of priests and laity in the development of the Russian Orthodox Church parishes social work in the beginning of the XXI century],&nbsp; PSTGU, Мoscow, Russia&nbsp;(In Russian)Borisova, O.&nbsp;(2022),&nbsp;Kryostnye i krestniki v sovremennoy Rossii: po materialam sotsiologicheskogo oprosa [Godparents and Godchildren in Russia (Based on Sociological Survey)], Publishing House of Saint Tikhon&rsquo;s Orthodox University, Moscow, Russia&nbsp;(In Russian)Granovetter, M. (2009), &ldquo;The strength of weak ties&rdquo;, Economic Sociology, 10(4), 31-50. (In Russian)Kosven, M. O. (1963), &ldquo;Who is the godfather?&rdquo;, Soviet Ethnography, (3), 95-107. (In Russian)Yurchenko, E.&nbsp;(2022),&nbsp;&ldquo;Social Ties: Spiritual Kinship and the Phenomenon of Trust in the Sociological Studies of Guido Alfani&rdquo;,&nbsp;Research Result. Social Studies and Humanities, 8(4),&nbsp;136-145. (In Russian)Yurchenko, I., and Yurchenko, E. (2024), &ldquo;Social Aspects of Surety in Adult Baptism in the Late Antique Era&rdquo;, Proceedings of the Department of Theology of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, 3 (23) (the manuscript). (In Russian)Alfani, G., Gourdon, V., &amp; Vitali, A. (2012), Social customs and demographic change: The case of godparenthood in Catholic Europe,&nbsp;Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,&nbsp;51(3), 482-504.Alfani, G., and Munno, C. (2012), &ldquo;Godparenthood and social networks in an Italian rural community: Nonantola in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries&rdquo;, in Spiritual Kinship in Europe, 1500-1900. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 96-123.Anderson, G. (1957), Il comparaggio: the Italian godparenthood complex,&nbsp;Southwestern Journal of Anthropology,&nbsp;13(1), 32-53.Aschenbrenner, S. E. (1975), Folk model vs. actual practice: the distribution of spiritual kin in a Greek village, Anthropological Quarterly, 65-86.Barnes, J. A. (1954), Class and committees in a Norwegian island parish, Human relations,&nbsp;7(1), 39-58.Beerb&uuml;hl, M.&nbsp;S. (2011) &ldquo;Commercial Culture of Spiritual Kinship amongst German Immigrant Merchants in London, c. 1750-1830&rdquo;, in Commerce and Culture, Routledge, London, 225-54.Carvalho, J.&nbsp;R. аnd Ribeiro, A.&nbsp;I. (2008), Using Network Analysis on Parish Registers: How Spiritual Kinship Uncovers Social Structure, Bridging the Gaps: Sources, Methodology and Approaches to Religion in History, Pisa, 171-86.Coleman, J.&nbsp;S. (1988), Social capital in the creation of human capital, American journal of sociology,&nbsp;94, 95-120.Du Boulay, J. (1984), Symbolic Relationships between Descent, Marriage, Incest Prohibitions and Spiritual Kinship in Greece, Man, New Series, 19(4), 533-556.Ebaugh, H. R. and Curry, M. (2000), Fictive Kin as Social Capital in New Immigrant Communities, Sociological Perspectives, 43(2), 189-209.Fertig, C. (2009), Rural Society and Social Networks in Nineteenth-Century Westphalia: The Role of Godparenting in Social Mobility, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 39(4), 497-522.Foster, G.&nbsp;M. (1953), Cofradia and compadrazgo in Spain and Spanish America,&nbsp;Southwestern Journal of Anthropology,&nbsp;9(1), 1-28.Foster, G.&nbsp;M. (1969), Godparents and Social Networks in Tzintzuntzan, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 25(3), 261-78.Gudeman, S. (1971), The compadrazgo as a reflection of the natural and spiritual person,&nbsp;Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, (1971), 4-71.Hammel, E.&nbsp;A. (1968), Alternative Social Structures and Ritual Relations in the Balkans, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.Heady, P. (2018), Priests and Midwives: Godparenthood and the Cognitive Framing of Kinship and Local Ties, Journal of Family History,&nbsp;43(1), 88-98.Hristov, P. (2018), Bulgarian Ritual Kinship (Kumstvo) Old Patterns, Established Beliefs, and New Trends, Journal of Family History,&nbsp;43(1), 72-87.Ip&scaron;ić, I., Lazarević, I., and Stojanović, V. (2017), Informal Power Structures and Godparent Networks of the Ragusan Nobility in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century, Dubrovnik Annals, 21, 31-46.Lynch, J.&nbsp;H. (2019), Godparents and kinship in early medieval Europe, &nbsp;Princeton University Press.Mintz, S. W., &amp; Wolf, E. R. (1950), An analysis of ritual co-parenthood (compadrazgo), Southwestern Journal of Anthropology,&nbsp;6(4), 341-368.Marttila, J. (2010), Beyond the Family and the Household: Occupational Family Networks, Journal of Family History, 35(2), 128-46.Mendes, Fabio F. (2012), Inequality and Social Networks: Spiritual Kinship, Slavery and Illegitimacy in Nineteenth-Century Minas Gerais, Brazil, Workshop Historical Inequality and Mobility: New Perspectives in the Digital Era. University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada, 26-27 May.Pescosolido, B., and Smith, E.&nbsp;B. (2021), Personal networks: Classic readings and new directions in egocentric analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Pitt‐Rivers, J. (1958), Section Of Anthropology: Ritual Kinship in Spain,&nbsp;Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences,&nbsp;20(5 Series II), 424-431.Pitt-Rivers, J. A. (1968), Pseudo-kinship, in Sills, D. L. (ed), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 8, Macmillan and Free Press, New York, 408-413.Pitt-Rivers, J. (1973), The kith and the kin.&nbsp;In: Jack Goody (Ed.), The&nbsp;Character of Kinship, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 89-105.Pitt-Rivers, J. (1976), Ritual kinship in the Mediterranean: Spain and the Balkans,&nbsp;Mediterranean family structures, 317-334.Stojanović, V, and Lonza, N. (2015), &ldquo;Godparenthood in Eighteenth-Century Dubrovnik: Children, Parents and Godparents as Knots of Social Networks&rdquo;, Dubrovnik Annals, 19, 71-98.Tait, C. (2005), Spiritual bonds, social bonds: baptism and godparenthood in Ireland, 1530&ndash;1690,&nbsp;Cultural and Social History,&nbsp;2(3), 301-327.van den Berghe, G., &amp; van den BERGH, P. L. (1966), Compadrazo and Class in Southeastern Mexico,&nbsp;American Anthropologist,&nbsp;68(5), 1236-1244.Vasile, M., Cash, J. R., &amp; Heady, P. (2018), Contemporary godparenthood in central and eastern Europe: Introduction,&nbsp;Journal of Family History,&nbsp;43(1), 3-11.Vidali, A. (2022), Political and Social Aspects of Godparenthood in Early Modern Venice: Spiritual Kinship and Patrician Society, Journal of Early Modern History, 26, 429-55.