The articles of the issue are united by the cross-cutting theme of the problematic nature of the human life world in modern society. The authors give a comprehensive "cut" of relevant theoretical and empirical studies that form a fairly adequate and vivid idea of the social problems of today's Russian society and individual foreign countries in the sociological mirror. Aspects of inequality in the development of regions, adaptation of migrants, inclusive employment, political choice of youth and its social security, quality of life of families with children and well-being of social workers, historical memory and risks of actual electronic communications in the spiritual life of the younger generation characterize a range of issues that are indicative and vital for Russia, requiring urgent practical solutions, which, in turn, are impossible without an in-depth sociological analysis of the situation.