The relevance of the topic is that the rapid development of modern states that have switched to the post-industrial information society has a significant impact on the labor market and professional trajectories of young professionals. The problem is that for a rapid breakthrough, which has been talked about a lot lately, effective training of engineering personnel of a new formation is necessary, on the other hand, there is a mismatch between the actions of the state, the institute of engineering education and the main actors in the preparation and adaptation of young professionals in the labor market. The purpose of the article is to identify the factors affecting the success of labor trajectories of graduates of engineering specialties. To achieve the goal, we conducted a theoretical and empirical analysis of the current state of the institute of engineering education, the conditions affecting its development; studied the dynamics of indicators of effective education; investigated the attitude of key players in the labor market to the training of engineers. The article identifies the main groups of factors for effective training of engineers in the context of the modernization of the economy, problems leading to insufficient quality training of young specialists, and ways to overcome them. Conclusions: the institute of engineering education in Russia has significant potential for successful functioning in the context of the modernization of the economy and overcoming structural and professional imbalances. The most important factors among the effective training of engineers are: the creation of favorable institutional conditions, the pooling of resources from the institute of education and the labor market through the creation of basic departments in enterprises and in higher educational institutions. To determine the subjective readiness of the main actors, a questionnaire survey of young engineers working at enterprises of the Ulyanovsk and Samara regions was conducted.